能源化工行业外在分析(英文版)(ppt 45页)

能源化工行业外在分析(英文版)内容提要：
Industry Environment：
A set of factors that directly influences a company and its competitive actions and responses.
Interaction among these factors determine an industry’s profit potential.
Threat of new entrants
Power of suppliers
Power of buyers
Product substitutes
Intensity of rivalry
……

Threat of New Entrants：
Barriers to entry
Economies of scale
Product differentiation
Capital requirements
Switching costs转换成本
Access to distribution channels
Cost disadvantages independent of scale无关规模之成本优势
Government policy
Expected retaliation预期的报复行动
……

Threat of Substitute Products：
Product substitutes are strong threat when:
customers face few switching costs
substitute product’s price is lower(厂商的财力)
substitute product’s quality and performance capabilities are equal to or greater than those of the competing product

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