1997年8月托福考试阅读理解全真试题(doc17).doc内容简介
Question 1-10
In the 1600 s when the Spanish moved into what later
was to become the southwestern UnITed States, they encoun-
tered the ancestors of the modern-day Pueblo, Hopi, and Zuni
peoples. These ancestors, known variously as the Basket
Makers, the Anasazi, or the Ancient Ones, had lived in the
area for at least 2,000 years. They were an advanced agricultural
people who used irrigation to help grow their crops.
The Anasazi lived in houses constructed of adobe and
wood. Anasazi houses were originally built in pITs and were
entered from the roof. But around the year 700 A.D., the
Anasazi began to build their homes above ground and join them
together into rambling multistorIEd complexes, which the
Spanish called pueblos or villages. Separate subterranean rooms
in these pueblos---known as kivas or chapels---were set aside
for religious ceremonials. Each kiva had a fire pIT and a hole
that was belIEved to lead to the underworld. The largest pueblos
had five storIEs and more than 800 rooms.
The Anasazi family was matrilineal, that is, descent was
traced tHRough the female. The sacred objects of the family
were under the control of the oldest female, but the actual
ceremonIEs were conducted by her brother or son. Women owned
the rooms in the pueblo and the crops, once they were harvested.
While still growing, crops belonged to the man who,
in contrast to most other Native American groups, planted
them. The women made baskets and pottery, the men wove
textile and crafted turquoise jewelry.
Each village had two chiefs. The village chIEf dealt wITh
land disputes and religious affairs. The war chIEf led the men
in fighting during occasional conflicts that broke out wITh
neighboring villages and directed the men in communITy building
projects. The cohesive polITical and social organization of
the Anasazi made IT almost impossible for other groups to
conquer them.
Question 1-10
In the 1600 s when the Spanish moved into what later
was to become the southwestern UnITed States, they encoun-
tered the ancestors of the modern-day Pueblo, Hopi, and Zuni
peoples. These ancestors, known variously as the Basket
Makers, the Anasazi, or the Ancient Ones, had lived in the
area for at least 2,000 years. They were an advanced agricultural
people who used irrigation to help grow their crops.
The Anasazi lived in houses constructed of adobe and
wood. Anasazi houses were originally built in pITs and were
entered from the roof. But around the year 700 A.D., the
Anasazi began to build their homes above ground and join them
together into rambling multistorIEd complexes, which the
Spanish called pueblos or villages. Separate subterranean rooms
in these pueblos---known as kivas or chapels---were set aside
for religious ceremonials. Each kiva had a fire pIT and a hole
that was belIEved to lead to the underworld. The largest pueblos
had five storIEs and more than 800 rooms.
The Anasazi family was matrilineal, that is, descent was
traced tHRough the female. The sacred objects of the family
were under the control of the oldest female, but the actual
ceremonIEs were conducted by her brother or son. Women owned
the rooms in the pueblo and the crops, once they were harvested.
While still growing, crops belonged to the man who,
in contrast to most other Native American groups, planted
them. The women made baskets and pottery, the men wove
textile and crafted turquoise jewelry.
Each village had two chiefs. The village chIEf dealt wITh
land disputes and religious affairs. The war chIEf led the men
in fighting during occasional conflicts that broke out wITh
neighboring villages and directed the men in communITy building
projects. The cohesive polITical and social organization of
the Anasazi made IT almost impossible for other groups to
conquer them.
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