技术性贸易壁垒的数理分析(pdf 51页)

技术性贸易壁垒的数理分析内容简介：
Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the policy debate and methodologicalissues surrounding product standards and technical barriers to trade. There has been arising use of technical regulations as instruments of commercial policy in unilateral,regional, and global trade contexts. These non-tariff barriers are of particular concern todeveloping countries, which may bear additional costs in meeting such mandatorystandards. We begin with a review of the policy context driving demand for empiricalanalysis of standards in trade. We then provide an analytical overview of the role ofstandards and their relationship to trade. We review methodological approaches thathave been used to analyze standards. The main interest lies in advancing techniques thatare practical and may be fruitfully extended to the empirical analysis of regulations andtrade. The contribution of the paper is to discuss a set of concrete steps that could betaken to move forward a policy-relevant and practical research program of empiricalwork. Such steps would include (1) administering firm-level surveys in developingcountries, (2) devising methods for assessing the trade restrictiveness of standards, and
(3) establishing econometric approaches that could be applied to survey and micro datafor understanding the role of standards in exports.
There has been a rising use of technical regulations as instruments of commercialpolicy in unilateral, regional, and global trade contexts during the past decade. Debateover the impact of domestic regulation and standards imposed at the border has beenmost evident in discussion about how or whether to address these issues in a trade policycontext, including the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Disputes such asthose over the importation of hormone treated beef between the United States andEuropean Union and impact of mandatory eco-labeling rules are just two examples ofwhere standards intersect trade policy decision-making. Non-tariff barriers are ofparticular concern in a development context. Developing countries may bear additionalcosts in meeting mandatory standards, testing, certification, and labeling requirements.
This paper addresses these issues and provides an up-to-date overview of the policydebate and methodological context for understanding product standards and technicabarriers to trade.
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