技术性贸易壁垒的数理分析(PDF 51页)

Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the policy debate and methodological
issues surrounding product standards and technical barriers to trade. There has been a
rising use of technical regulations as instruments of commercial policy in unilateral,
regional, and global trade contexts. These non-tariff barriers are of particular concern to
developing countries, which may bear additional costs in meeting such mandatory
standards. We begin with a review of the policy context driving demand for empirical
analysis of standards in trade. We then provide an analytical overview of the role of
standards and their relationship to trade. We review methodological approaches that
have been used to analyze standards. The main interest lies in advancing techniques that
are practical and may be fruitfully extended to the empirical analysis of regulations and
trade. The contribution of the paper is to discuss a set of concrete steps that could be
taken to move forward a policy-relevant and practical research program of empirical
work. Such steps would include (1) administering firm-level surveys in developing
countries, (2) devising methods for assessing the trade restrictiveness of standards, and
(3) establishing econometric approaches that could be applied to survey and micro data
for understanding the role of standards in exports.
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