IE基础工具时间研究(PDF 12页)

OVERVIEW
A. Definition:
Time study is a direct observation technique used to determine the time required for a qualified, well-trained person who is working at a normal pace to perform a defined task.
B. The end result of time study is the standard time (sometimes called the allowed time) to perform a job or task. A job (or task) usually consists of several steps, called work elements. In most cases, time study is performed at the elemental level.
For a specific work element, computation of a standard time involves three distinct steps:
1. Timing the element: Measuring the Observed Time (OT)
2. Performance Rating the element: Adjusting the observed time to correct for unusually slow or fast performance by the worker. The result of this adjustment is called the Normal Time (NT):
NT = OT x Performance Rating
3. Determining Allowances: Time study is usually performed over a relatively short duration and does not consider the fact that a worker will experience interruptions and other delays over the course of a workday and will require breaks for personal needs and recovery. Allowances are added to the Normal Time compute the Standard Time (ST):
ST = NT + Allowances
C. Time study emphasizes observation and measurement. The two most common applications of time study are:
1. Establishing Work Standards
2. Methods Improvement: Using time study to identify the “best” work method prior to establishing a standard.
As a general rule, methods improvements are implemented and learned BEFORE any time study data are collected for the purpose of establishing work standards.
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