竞争性市场与一般均衡概述(PPT 85页)

微观经济学(平狄克，鲁宾费尔德，第四版)
一、竞争性市场
完全竞争市场
财富效应
Consumer and Producer Surplus
Change in Consumer andProducer Surplus from Price Controls
Effect of Price ControlsWhen Demand Is Inelastic
Welfare Loss When PriceIs Held Above Market-Clearing Level
竞争性市场的效率
Price Minimum
The Minimum Wage
价格支持和生产配额
Price Supports
价格支持和生产配额
Supply Restrictions
进口限额和关税
Import Tariff or QuotaThat Eliminates Imports
Import Tariff or Quota (general case)
征税或补贴的影响
Incidence of a SpecificTax
征税或补贴的影响
Impact of a Tax Dependson Elasticities of Supply and Demand
Subsidy
二、一般均衡
一般均衡
Two Interdependent Markets: Movie Tickets and Videocassette Rentals
交换的效率
两人模型
Efficiency in Exchange
The Contract Curve
竞争性市场的消费者均衡
Competitive Equilibrium
竞争性市场的经济效率
公平与效率
Utility Possibilities Frontier
社会福利函数
福利经济学第二定理
生产的效率
Efficiency in Production
竞争性投入品市场的生产均衡
生产可能性边界
Production Possibilities Frontier
产出效率
Output Efficiency
Competition and Output Efficiency
自由贸易的利益
Hours of Labor Required to Produce
The Gains from Trade
竞争性市场的效率：总结
市场失灵的原因
三、外部性与公共产品
外部性
External Costs
外部性导致无效率
External Benefits
纠正市场失灵的方法
The Efficient Level of Emissions
排放标准与排放费
The Case for Fees
The Case for Standards
纠正市场失灵的方法
The Efficient Amount of Recycling
Refundable Deposits
外部性和产权
三、公共物品和公共资源
共有资源
Common Property Resources
公共产品
Efficient Public Good Provision
对公共产品的私人偏好

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