风险分析及方法简述(doc 11页)

风险分析及方法简述内容提要：
1 Basic Risk Management Facilitation Methods 基本的风险管理的便利方法
Some of the simple techniques that are commonly used to structure risk management by organizing data and facilitating decision-making are:
下面是一些简单的通常使用的方法，进行风险管理和制定决策：
        Flowcharts/流程图
        Check Sheets/检查清单
        Process Mapping/过程图
        Cause and Effect Diagrams (also called an Ishikawa diagram or fish bone diagram)/因果图（或者叫鱼骨图）
2 Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA) 失效模式与效果分析
2.1 Describe/描述
FMEA (see IEC 60812) provides for an evaluation of potential failure modes for processes and their likely effect on outcomes and/or product performance. Once failure modes are established, risk reduction can be used to eliminate, contain, reduce or control the potential failures. FMEA relies on product and process understanding. FMEA methodically breaks down the analysis of complex processes into manageable steps. It is a powerful tool for summarizing the important modes of failure, factors causing these failures and the likely effects of these failures.
FMEA提供了工艺潜在失效模式的评估和对产品性能或结果的潜在影响。一旦将建立了失效模式，风险的降低可被用来消除、囊括、降低或控制潜在的失效活动。FMEA依赖于对产品和工艺的理解。FMEA将复杂的工艺系统地分解为简单的步骤。FMEA对重要的失效模式、引起失效的因素以及失效可能带来的后果进行汇总的有力工具。
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