Applications of Motivation（英文版）(ppt 16页)

Applications of Motivation（英文版）内容提要：
ingredients:goal specificity,participative D-M,an explicit time period,& performance feedback  
Converting overall organizational objectives into specific objectives for organizational units and individual members
objectives cascade down through the organization: overall organizational,divisional,departmental, individual objectives
Linking MBO and Goal-setting theory:specific hard goals.Area of possible disagreement---participation
MBO In practice
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Examples of
participative management:A process where subordinates share a significant degree of decision-making power with their immediate superior
representative participation:workers participate in organizational decision making through a small group of representative employees                                         Works councils: group of nominated or elected employees who must be consulted when management makes decisions involving personnel Board representatives:a form of representative participation. Employees sit on a company’s board of directors & represent the interests of the firm’s employees 
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of the widely used model
Piece-rate pay plan:workers are paid a fixed sum for each unit of production completed
Bonus
Profit-sharing plans:organization-wide programs that distribute compensation based on some established formula designed around a company’s profitability
Gainsharing:an incentive plan where improvement in group productivity determines the total amount of money that is allocated
expectancy theory.