Organization Culture（英文版）(ppt 22页)

Organization Culture（英文版）内容提要：
Instituationalization:A forerunner
When an organization takes on a life of its own,apart from any of its members,& acquires immortality--the notion nearly 50 years ago
existing beyond the life of any of one member, going beyond it’s original mission
Structure:20 years ago, organization was view as rational means by which to coordinate & control a group of people
culture: organizations have personalities too,just like individuals;each has a unique feeling & character beyond it’s Structural characteristics. The role playing in the lives of it’s members.
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Subculture
All sorts of ideologies shared by a few, many, all Organizational members
Dominant culture:expresses the core values that are shared by a majority of the -- members.    Macro view giving an --’s distinction personality,uniform interpretation of the appropriate behavior
core values:the primary or dominant values that are accepted throughout the organization
Subculture:minicultures within an --,typically defined by department designations & geographical separation core  values + additional values 
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Culture as a liability potentially dysfunctional aspects of culture
Barrier to change:for many --s with strong culture, practices that led to previous successes can lead to failure when those practices no longer match up well with environmental needs. 
Barrier to diversity:strong culture can be liabilities when they effectively eliminate those unique strengths that people of different backgrounds bring to the --. 
Barrier to M&A:historically,the key factors in making M&A decisions were financial advantages or product synergy;In recent years,culture compatibility has become the primary concern.