材料科学与工程专业学习英语(doc 38页)

材料科学与工程专业学习英语目录：
一、Materials Science and Metallurgical  Engineering
二、Materials Science Engineering
三、Why Study Materials Science and Engineering?
四、Basic Classifications and Engineering Materials
五、Materials Research: Today and Future 
六、Fig. 1.1 Driving forces for the business in polymeric materials
七、Time & technology
八、Powder Metallurgy
九、Powder Metallurgy technology 
十、Applying powder metallurgy to Gear Manfwtwrig
十一、PM gears have several advantages:
十二、New Words and Expressions
十三、Structures of Metals and Alloys

材料科学与工程专业学习英语内容摘要：
　　Materials are properly more deep-seated in our culture than most of us realize. Trans -portation, housing, clothing, communication, recreation and food production--virtually every segment of our everyday lives is influenced to one degree or another by materials. Historically, the development and advancement of societies have been intimately tied to the members' abilities to produce and manipulate materials to fill their needs. In fact, early civilizations  have been designated by the level of their materials development
(i.e.Stone Age, Bronze Age).
　　The earliest humans has access to only a very limited number of materials, those that occur naturally stone, wood, clay, skins, and so on. With time they discovered techniques for producing materials that had properties superior to those of the natural ones: these new materials included pottery and various metals. Furthermore, it was discovered that the properties of a material could be altered by heat treatments and by the addition of other substances. At this point, materials utilization was totally a selection process, that is, deciding from a given, rather limited set of materials the one that was best suited for an application by virtue of its characteristic. It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationships between the structural elements of materials and their properties. This knowledge, acquired in the past 60 years or so, has empowered them to fashion, to a large degree, the characteristics of materials. Thus, tens of thousands of different materials have evolved with rather specialized characteristics that meet the needs of our modern and complex society.
　　The development of many technologies that make our existence so comfortable has been intimately associated with the accessibility of suitable materials. Advancement in the under--standing of a material type is often the forerunner to the stepwise progression of a technology. For example, automobiles would not have been possible without the availability of inexpensive steel of some other comparable substitutes. In our contemporary era, sophisticated electronic devices rely on components that are made from what are called 
semiconducting materials.

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