澳大利亚乳制品业的开放与合理化对世界乳品业的意义(pdf 34页)英文

THE DEREGULATION AND RATIONALIZATION OF AUSTRALIA'S DAIRY INDUSTRY—IMPLICATIONS FOR THE U.S. AND WORLD DAIRY INDUSTRIES
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction..............................1
Characteristics of Australia' s Dairy Industry..............1
Termination of Australia's Domestic Market Support Scheme and State Market Milk
Pricing—Economic and Political Pressures that Fostered Deregulation 2
The Restructuring Package Made Available to Australian Milk Producers After Deregulation.....2
How Deregulation Will Affect Australia' s Dairy Industry and the Exporting Capabilities of
Australian Dairy Firms.........3
Will Economic and Political Pressures that Fostered Deregulation in Australia' s Dairy
Industry Produce Similar Results in the U.S., EU and Canada ? .........3
A Caveat...4
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
I . Characteristics of Australia's Dairy Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Dairy Farming Characteristics ....6
Market Milk Production.............8
Market Milk Regulation and Pricing...........................8
InterCountry Comparisons of Milk Production..........9
Export Market Shares ................9
The Key Players ......................10
I I . Termination of Australia's Domestic Market Support Scheme and State
Market Milk Pricing—Economic and Political Pressures that Fostered
Deregulation. . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
The Domestic Market Support Scheme ....................12
State Milk Pricing and Control.13
Why the DMS Scheme and State Milk Pricing were Terminated...............13
Why Victoria' s Dairy Farmer Groups Pursued Deregulation....................13
Why Producer Groups in Market Milk States were Powerless to Resist Deregulation ..............16
III. The Restructuring Package Made Available to Australian Milk Producers
After Deregulation . . . . 1 6
Key Elements of the Restructuring Package.............16
The Industry Facility................17
Financing the Restructuring Package........................17
What the Restructuring Payments Represent............17
Impact on Consumer Prices .....18
IV. How Deregulation Will Affect Australia's Dairy Industry and the Dairy
Exporting Capabilities of Australian Firms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
Impact of Deregulation on Farmgate Pricing of Market Milk ....................18
Impact of Deregulation on Industry Structure...........19
Impact on the Dairy Exporting Capabilities of Australian Firms ...............21
Questions and Impediments Relating to Exports.......22
The Policy Environment for Expanding Australia' s Dairy Exports ...........23
V . Will Economic and Political Pressures that Fostered Deregulation in
Australia's Dairy Industry Produce Similar Results in the U.S., EU and
Canada?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4
Do Similar Pressures Exist in the U.S., EU or Canada? ..........................25
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
Appendix. Figure 1: Australian Dairy Industry Organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9
Tables and Figures
Figure 1. Australia's Dairy Regions and Average Percent of Australia's Milk Produced in each
State during the 1990s............ 7
Table 1. Market Milk Production as a Percentage of Whole Milk Production, Australia,
Average for the 1990s and 1999. ............................... 8
Table 2. Dates of Termination of Post-Farmgate Pricing of Market Milk and Mechanisms
used to Distribute Payments to Farmers for Milk by State in Australia..................... 9
Table 3. Milk Production in Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, the EU, U.S. and Selected
U.S. States, 1999................. 9
Table 4. Total Cost of Raw Milk Production by State, Australia, 1996/97. ........................15
Table 5. Milk Production Costs in Victoria, Freight Charges for Shipping Milk to Other
States, and Computed Upper Limit on Fluid Milk Prices in Other Australian States. ...19
Table 6. Value and Destination of Australian Dairy Exports, 1998/99 (AU$). .....................22
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