市场赞赏经济塑造(英文版)(ppt 37页)

An Illustration:  Modeling the Apartment Market：
1. Purpose:  How are apartment rents determined? Are rents “desirable”?
2. Simplifying assumptions:
-apartments are close or distant, but otherwise identical
-distant apartments rents are exogenous  (外生变量） and known
-many potential renters and landlords
Two Very Common Modeling Assumptions：
-Rational Choice (理性选择）: Each person tries to choose the best alternative available to him or her.
-Equilibrium （均衡）: economic agents interact with each other, resulting  in an  equilibrium, in which each person reaches  an optimal decision given others’  decisions.
Comparative Statics（静态比较分析）：
1. What is exogenous in the model?
-price of distant apartments
-quantity of close apartments
-incomes of potential renters.
2. What happens if these exogenous variables change?
3. Note： We are  not analyzing the  transition process or  dynamic process.

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