财务报告分析方案研讨(ppt 65页)（英文版）

财务报告分析方案研讨内容提要：
In order to obtain information as to whether the amount  1 represents an increase over prior years or 2 is adequate in relation to the company’s need for cash,  the  amount of cash must be compared with other financial statement data.
 Comparisons can be made on several difference bases – three are illustrated in this chapter:  (1) intra-company  basis,  (2) industry averages, and (3) inter-company basis.
Three commonly used tools are utilized to evaluate the significance of financial statement data.
(1) Horizontal analysis 横向分析 (trend analysis) is a technique for evaluating a series of financial statement data over a period of time.
(2) Vertical analysis 纵向分析 is a technique for evaluating financial statement data that expresses each item in a financial statement in terms of a percent of a base amount.
(3) Ratio analysis比率分析 expresses the relationship among selected items of financial statement data.
Ratio analysis expresses the relationship among selected  items of  financial statement data.
 A ratio expresses the mathematical relationship between  one  quantity and another.
 A single ratio by itself is not very meaningful, in the upcoming   illustrations we will use.
..............................